DISCOURSE
ANALYSIS
METAPHORICAL
EXPRESSIONS IN NUSA PENIDA LANGUAGE
by: I Gede Murta
There
are some dialects of Balinese language in Bali, usually based on the regency it
spoken. Thus, commonly there are Gianyar
dialect,
Bangli dialect, Tabanan dialect, Negara dialect, Buleleng dialect, Karangasem dialect, Badung dialect, and Klungkung dialect. However, no matter what
dialect it is, basically it is the same both in term of grammar and syntax. They are just slight different in the tone/rhythm and pronunciation. Most
importantly, Balinese people from different dialects still can understand each
other.
The
Balinese dialects above are already known for some people. But, not for Nusa
Penida dialect,
only few people know the dialect because there is something special in Nusa Penida language. Nusa Penida supposed to have
Balinese language with Klungkung
dialect but it is actually different with Balinese language. Thus, people from
other regency in Bali will not be able to understand this language. In daily
life, sometimes people in Nusa
Penida
use metaphorical expressions to
express their feeling and their life experiences. Commonly, the metaphorical
expression in Nusa Penida
has similar meaning with Balinese Language. But sometimes, Nusa Penida also has different
metaphorical expression with Balinese language. It is only different in
pronunciation, intonation and spelling. Here are some metaphorical expressions
in Nusa Penida
and its explanation.
1.
Serah Tengkolak
Nusa Penida Language : Serah Tengkolak
Indonesian
Language : Kepala Batok
kelapa
English
Language : head coconut shell
(Coconut
shell head)
Example
in sentence;
·
Jape
lakune serah tengkolakte?
·
Kemana
perginya kepala batok kelapa itu?
·
Where go head coconut shell?
(Where
is the coconut shell head going?)
Explanation;
The
word “serah”
means “head” or “kepala”
in Indonesian language. And the word “tengkolak” means “coconut shell” or “batok kelapa” in Indonesian
language. The expression “Serah
Tengkolak” is an expression about characteristic or
description of a person who has no hair. Usually, somebody who is called “Serah Tengkolak” is an adult but
he/she has no hair just like an old person.
2.
Ambul Gunungte Gedene
Nusa Penida Language : Ambul Gunung Gedene
Indonesian
Language : Seperti Gunung
Besarnya
English
Language : like mount the big
(It’s
big just like a mount).
Example
in sentence;
·
Terekte
ambul gunungte gedene.
·
Truknya
seperti gunung besarnya.
·
Truck the like mount big the.
(The
truck is like a mount).
Explanation;
The
word “ambul”
means “seperti”
in Indonesian, and “like” in English. The word “gunung” means “mount” in English. And “gedene” means “big”. This expression is
used to express their feeling about something which has a big size. Usually the
size of that thing is extremely big than usual. Thus, the people in Nusa Penida use this expression to
make it more appropriate, even, sometimes it is hard to understand it for who
are not familiar with this expression.
3.
Mecik Serah
Nusa Penida Language : Mecik Serah
Indonesian Language : menekan Kepala
English Language : push
head
(Push
the head)
Example
in sentence;
·
Kanti
mecik serah anak tuane ngitungan ye duang.
·
Sampai
menekan kepala orang tuanya memperhitungkan dia saja.
·
Until pushing head old people his/her
calculate he/she only.
(His/her
parents is pushing their head only for thinking of him/her)
Explanation;
The
expression above is about somebody who is confused and thinks hardly of the unfinished
problem or person who makes mistakes. In relation to example above, it is also
refers to somebody who thinking of their child because of their child’s bad
behavior. The word “mecik”
means “push” or “menekan”
in Indonesian, while “serah”
means “head” or “kepala”.
The word “mecik serah”
implies to “confuse”.
4.
Bote Bongol
Nusa penida language : Bote Bongol
Indonesian
language : Buta Tuli
English
language : Sightless deaf
Example
in sentence;
·
Bote
bongol ye nyemak gae to ne nah.
·
Buta
tuli dia mengambil pekerjaan itu nya ya.
·
Sightless deaf he/she taking job that
its yes
(Such
sightless and deaf person when he/she doing that job).
Explanation;
The
word “bote”
means “sightless” or in Indonesia “buta”.
“Bongol”
means “deaf”
or in Indonesia “tuli”.
The expression above means someone who does not know what to do in doing
something. Moreover, there is no response, and without saying any words. In
other words, he/she is confused in doing something. Thus, people calls this
people using metaphorical expression “bote bongol”.
5.
Engkah Nage
Nusa penida language : Engkah Nage
Indonesian
language : Nafas Naga
English
language : Breath dragon
(Mouth
odor)
Example
in sentence;
·
Mobo
engkah nage bongotde.
·
Berbau
nafas naga mulutmu.
·
Smell breath dragon mouth you.
(Your
mouth smells bad)
Explanation;
“Engkah
Nage”
comes from two words. The first word is “Engkah” which means “breath” or “nafas” in Indonesian. The second word is
“Nage”
means “dragon” or in Indonesia “naga”.
Actually, this expression means “mouth odor” or “mulut bau” in Indonesian. This metaphorical expression is expressed to
someone who has bed smell from his/her mouth. Usually this expression used for
people who just wake up from sleep.
6.
Basang bodag
Nusa penida language : Basang bodag.
Indonesian
language : perut
keranjang besar.
English
language : stomach big basket
Example
in sentence;
·
Ngamah
duang gaene, basange ambol bodagte dadine .
·
Makan
saja kerjanya, perutnya berukuran keranjang besar jadinya.
·
Eat just work its, stomach his/her
measure basket big become.
(He/she
always eat and his/her stomach becomes bigger as big as big basket).
Explanation;
This
name is for people who have big stomach. A person who has called “basang bodag” commonly means a “sluggard”.
“Basang bodag”
is come from two words “basang”
means “perut”
or “stomach” in Indonesian. While, the word “bodag” means “big basket” or “keranjang besar” in Indonesian. “Bodag” is a kind of traditional big
basket which made from bamboo. It is plaited until form big basket.
7.
Gede-gede gabeng
Nusa penida language : Gede gede gabeng
Indonesian
language : besar besar kosong
(besar tapi tak
ada apa-apa, tak ada isinya)
English
language : big big empty
(It
is big but nothing, empty)
Example
in sentence;
·
Malange
gede duang, potene gede gede gabeng.
·
Hanya
besar saja, tetapi besar besar kosong.
(besar saja tetapi gak ada apa-apanya)
·
Just big only, but big big empty.
(Just
big, but there is nothing)
Explanation;
The
word “gede”
above means “big”. In Indonesia “gede”
also means “gede”
or “besar”.
And the word “gabeng”
refers to “something that empty or nothing”. “Gede gede gabeng” refers to people or
something which has big size but empty or has nothing. For example; a person
who has big body but has no ability or knowledge.
8. Basang
bawak
Nusa penida language : Basang bawak
Indonesian
language : Perut pendek
(cepat marah)
English
language : Short or small stomach
Example
in sentence;
·
Basange
bawak aking, ape keket galak.
·
Perutnya
pendek sekali, apa sedikit marah.
·
Stomach his/her short very, what little
angry.
(His/her stomach is very short, because
of small thing he/she can angry).
Explanation;
“Basang bawak” comes from “basang” which means “stomach” and the
word “bawak”
means “short”. Ti does not mean people who have short or small stomach but
refers to someone who will get angry easily or it can be called sensitive or
impatient person.
9. Otak
batu
Nusa penida language : otak batu
Indonesian
language : otak batu
English
language : brain stone
(The
stone brain)
Example
in sentence;
·
Aje
otak batu, hat nuni oruk met mencang ngertine.
·
Benar
otak batu, dari tadi diajari lama akan mengertinya.
(dasar
otak batu, dari tadi diajari tidak mengerrti-mengerti)
·
Right brain stone, from while taught
long will understand
(Such a stone brain, he/she taught
for long time but still do not understand).
Explanation;
The expression “otak batu” has the same meaning with
Indonesian metaphorical expression. It means “the stone brain” in English. The
word “otak”
means “brain” in English. And the word “batu”
means stone. This expression refers to a person who cannot understand even
he/she is taught for long time by his/her teacher, Parents, friends or the
other.
10.
Pengliatane natit
Nusa penida language : pengliatane natit
Indonesian
language : Lirikannya
kilat
English
language : glances her lightning
(Her lightning sharp glances)
Example
in sentence;
·
Pengliatane
natit, hunye anak bajangte demen ajak ye.
·
Pengelihatannya
kilat, semua anak muda suka pada dia.
·
See her lightning, all child young like
to her.
(Her
sharp glances make all young men likes her).
Explanation;
“Pengliatane natit” refers to a girl who
has beautiful sharp glance. When she looks at some boys sharply and quickly,
then the boys will fall in love with her. It implies that she has good looks
with her beautiful eyes.
11.
Alis medon intaran
Nusa penida language : Alis medon intaran
Indonesian
language : Alis berdaun
intaran
English
language : intaran eyebrow
Example
in sentence;
·
Aeng
jegeg nak luh to, alise medon intaran.
·
Sangat
cantik orang wanita itu, alisnya berdaun intaran
·
Very beautiful people women that,
eyebrow her leaf intaran
(That
woman is so beautiful, her eyebrow like intaran leaf).
Explanation;
The
expression above refers to a girl or a boy who has beautiful or perfect
eyebrow. He/she has eyebrow just like the “intaran” trees. “Intaran” tree is a tree in Nusa Penida that has beautiful
leaf. Then, people imply it to the beautiful eyebrow.
12.
Mate barak
Nusa penida language : Mate barak
Indonesian
language : mata merah
English
language : red eyes
Example
in sentence;
·
Barak
matane pas ye nawang care to ne.
·
Merah
matanya ketika dia tahu seperti itu.
·
Red eyes his/her when he/she know like
that.
(His/her
eyes are red when he/she know about that).
Explanation;
This
expression is refers to people who is in angry condition. It does not mean a
person who gets sick. Figure of speech that used is “Mate barak” or “red eyes” because
commonly, when people angry, their eyes will get red. Thus, people in Nusa Penida use this expression to
express somebody who is angry.
13.
Mongane oyah-oyah
Nusa penida language : Mongane oyah-oyah
Indonesian
language : wajahnya bergaram-garam
English
language : face his/her salted-salt
(His/her face is getting salted)
Example
in sentence;
·
Uling
tuni ye mejemuh, mongane uyah-uyah dadine.
·
Dari
tadi dia berjemur, wajahnya garam-garam jadinya.
·
From while he/she dried, face his/her
salt-salt become.
Explanation;
The word “mongane” means “his/her face”, or “wajahnya” in Indonesia. The second word is
“uyah-uyah”
which means “salts” or “getting salted”, in Indonesia it means “bergaram-garam”. It refers to people
who worked hard and his/her face is looks tired and full of dust, oil, “dirty”.
14.
Layah tajep
Nusa penida language : Layah tajep
Indonesian
language : Lidah tajam
English
language : Tongue sharp
Example
in sentence;
·
Layahe
tajep aking, hunye anakte sakit ati ajak ye.
·
Lidahnya
tajam sekali, semua orang lain sakit hati dengan dia.
·
Tongue his/her sharp very, all other
people sick heart with him/her.
(His/her tounge is very sharp, all
people gets embittered of him).
Explanation;
The word “layahe” means “his/her tongue”. While,
the word “Tajep”
means “sharp”. Thus, when it is combined will become “layahne tajep”, but it does not mean
people who have sharp tongue. More than that, it refers to someone who always hurt
another person by using his/her bad words. This people always make the other
people angry because of the words.
15.
Mekecuh babuan
Nusa penida language : Mekecuh babuan
Indonesian
language : meludah ke
atas
English
language : expectorate to up
Example
in sentence;
·
Yen
ede mekecuh babuan patuh adane ede ngecuhin bande.
·
Kalau
kamu meludah atas sama namanya kamu meludahi dirimu.
·
If you expectorate to up same the name
you expectorate yourself.
(If you expectorates to up that’s
mean you expectorate yourself).
Explanation;
The expression above is refers to someone who do
something but it will hurt themselves. In Indonesia we also know “Senjata Makan Tuan” that has similar meaning. The
word “mekecuh”
in English means “expectorate or spit”, or “meludah” in Indonesia. The expression
above comes from two word such as the word “babuan” means “up or above” or “atas” in Indonesian language. This
expression is a kind of prohibition.
References;